Application of Principal Component Analysis, Cluster Analysis, Pollution Index and Geoaccumulation Index in Pollution Assessment with Heavy Metals from Gold Mining Operations, Tanzania

Gold mining is now widely acknowledged as one of the significant sources soil pollution in developed countries. In developing countries, and levels contamination have not been thoroughly addressed. Thus, this study was intended to determine source level active closed gold areas. The research paper presents load heavy metals (lead-Pb, chromium-Cr, cadmium-Cd, copper-Cu, arsenic-As, manganese-Mn, nickel-Ni) 90 samples collected from studied sites. Multivariate statistical analysis, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Cluster (CA), coupled with correlation coefficient performed possible results indicated that Pb, Cr, Cu Mn come different than Cd, As Ni. obtained metal assessment using Pollution Index (PI) Geoaccumulation (Igeo) confirmed soils areas were contaminated range moderately through strongly highly soils. This verified natural anthropogenic processes. current findings would enhance our knowledge regarding contamination. It recommended use PCA, CA, PI Igeo assess monitor